How a turbo works, why it fails, how to fit it without early failures and what a proper overhaul involves, from balancing to variable geometry calibration.
How a turbo works, why it fails, how to fit it and how to diagnose the electronic actuator.
Turbine, compressor and centre housing: how a turbo turns exhaust energy into boost pressure, how boost is controlled and why the turbo lives or dies by its oil.
A turbo hardly ever fails on its own. Lubrication, contaminated oil, foreign objects, overspeed and heat: the marks each cause leaves on the parts and what to check on the engine.
A new or overhauled turbo that fails in its first hours almost always has a fitting problem. The step-by-step procedure, from the cause of the previous failure to first start-up.
Motor, gears, position sensor and a calibration that ties it to one specific turbo. How to diagnose it and why an electronic actuator cannot be swapped like any other part.
What a professional overhaul includes and how variable geometry is calibrated.
Strip-down, inspection, rebuild kit, shaft and core assembly balancing, calibration and testing. What separates a proper overhaul from simply replacing the seals.
A properly overhauled turbo can still make the engine run badly. What a static flow bench measures, what a dynamic one adds and the 0.1 mm test that the flow meter cannot see.
